Cartels, Markets and Crime - A Normative Justification for the Criminalisation of Economic Collusion

"As a means of industrial organization, cartels have had mixed acceptance in Europe after the end of the Industrial Revolution. In the late Nineteenth Century there were approximately four industry-wide cartels operating in Germany. By 1923, the figure had grown to over 1,500. Such organizations were a common, legal and (often) encouraged means of facilitating industrial and national development" -- Provided by publisher.