Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management

Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic loss of kidney function. It occurs in people suffering from diabetes mellitus. Due to the damage of glomeruli, it causes protein loss in the urine. It also causes low serum albumin that eventually results in nephrotic syndrome. The initial symptoms of diabetic nephropathy appear after five to ten years of its beginning. The first symptom includes nocturia, which is frequent urination at night. Other general symptoms include tiredness, nausea, vomiting, headaches, lack of appetite, itchy skin and swelling in legs. People previously suffering from diabetes have higher possibilities of acquiring diabetic nephropathy. Its risk factors include poor control of blood glucose, uncontrolled high blood pressure, smoking, and a family history of diabetic nephropathy. ACE inhibitor medications are used to reduce the levels of proteinuria and to slow down the progression of diabetic nephropathy. This book presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this disease have been included herein. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.